Stereotactic & Functional Neurosurgery

Trainee-focused references on functional neurosurgery — neuromodulation, the clinical reasoning behind candidate selection, and the perioperative decisions that determine whether the right operation produces the right outcome.

Deep Brain Stimulation & Movement Disorders

Beyond the Box-and-Arrow: STN vs. GPi DBS

Rethinking the basal ganglia: network physiology and the levodopa paradox in DBS.

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Pain & Spinal Cord Stimulation

Spinal Cord Stimulation: Evidence & Indication Review

A trainee framework for PDN, nonsurgical refractory back pain, neuropathy, central pain, trial selection, and safety.

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The Anatomy of a Successful Trial

Spinal cord stimulation: phenotypes, red flags, and why the hardware is the easy part.

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